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训诂学的基本任务是维护注疏说解与文献原典本旨之间的一致性。判断文献内容与注释表达的一致性,进而进行训诂批评的客观标准是什么?这是训诂学领域里一个有待深入研究的基本理论问题。从文献原典到现代读者之间存在一个可循环链式关系,包括原典、传注、义疏、讲义、笔记等五个典型环节。各环节均由人、意、言、文等四个要素组成。“文”是训诂学者最关注的基本现象。文献是训诂的立足之本。文献里“言”与“意”的矛盾是训诂学者要面对的基本矛盾。“言”与“意”之间是不完全一致的。用反证法可以证明这条“表达不一致定律”。据此建立“表达率”和“理解率”这两个关系式,可用来解释表达上和读解中的各种现象。关于训诂的正确率问题则可以通过上述两个关系式导出答案。原典不是不可分割的整体,所以不至于完全陷入表达不一致定律的作用里。拆分原典时使用的分析单位越小,训诂正确率的值就越接近于理想值。由此可知为何传统上对汉语文献的研究往往以“字”为分析单位。最后归纳出训诂批评的四项基本标准:对原典中各个字的历史、各个词语的历史、各个词语组合情况的历史是否了解以及表达训诂结果的时候,训诂者的语言和行文是否符合规范。
The basic task of exegesis is to maintain the consistency between the explanatory notes and the original texts. What are the objective criteria for judging the consistency between the content of the document and the expression of the comment and then conducting the criticism? This is a basic theoretical issue to be further studied in the field of exegesisology. There is a cyclical relationship between the original documents and the modern readers, including five typical aspects of the original text, the passage of notes, the meaning of righteousness, notes and notes. All aspects of the people, Italy, language, language and other four elements. “Wen” is the basic phenomenon that the scholars pay most attention to. The literature is the foundation of exegesis. The contradictions between “speech” and “meaning” in the literature are the basic contradictions that the scholars should face. “Words” and “meaning” is not exactly the same. Proof can be used to prove this “inconsistent expression law.” Based on this, the two relations of “expression rate” and “comprehension rate” are established and can be used to explain various phenomena in expressions and interpretations. The correct rate of the problem can be derived through the above two relations. The original code is not an indivisible whole, so it does not completely fall into the role of expressing the law of inconsistency. The smaller the unit of analysis used when splitting the original, the closer the correctness value is to the ideal value. This shows why the traditional study of Chinese literature often “word” as the unit of analysis. Finally, the author summarizes the four basic standards of exegesis criticism: whether the language and the language of the exegetical person meet the norms when they know the history of each word in the original dictionary, the history of each word, the history of each word combination situation and the result of expressing the exegesis.