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生产力和科学文化水平极其低下的蒙昧时代,人们对自然的认识和精神需求,只能以山水等自然神的崇拜形式出现。山水审美意识,则是人类进化到文明社会后产生的。伴随着生产力的发展和人类社会的进步,中国古代先民逐渐解除了对包括水在内的自然界的神秘和恐惧,也不再单纯以实用的目的对待自然万物。
In the age of ignorance with extremely low levels of productivity and science and culture, people’s understanding of nature and their spiritual needs can only emerge in the form of worship of natural gods such as landscapes. Aesthetic awareness of landscapes is generated after human beings have evolved into a civilized society. Accompanied by the development of productive forces and the progress of human society, ancient Chinese ancestors gradually lifted the mystery and fear of the natural world including water, and they no longer treated the natural world with purely practical purposes.