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目的通过分析汽车零部件制造行业职业病危害及其关键控制点,探讨其适用的防护对策和管理措施,为汽车零部件制造行业职业病危害防控提供依据。方法采用职业卫生调查、职业病危害因素检测和检查表分析等方法综合评判关键控制点及其防护措施。结果汽车零部件制造行业存在化学毒物、粉尘、噪声、高温、电焊弧光、振动和X射线等职业病危害因素;汽车灯具总成的表面处理岗位接触的甲苯和甲醇浓度超过职业接触限值,超标率分别为16.7%和4.0%;汽车悬挂/转向系统的焊接岗位接触的二氧化锰和电焊烟尘超过职业接触限值,超标率均为8.3%;噪声超标率最高的为汽车轮圈制造(超标率为87.1%),其次为汽车悬挂/转向系统制造,超标率为49.0%;其他危害因素均低于职业接触限值。结论汽车零部件制造行业职业病危害关键控制岗位为注塑、发泡、涂布/喷涂、焊接、铸造、探伤等,应采取综合防控措施控制有害因素。
Objective To analyze the applicable protective measures and management measures by analyzing the occupational hazards and key control points in the auto parts manufacturing industry and provide the basis for prevention and control of occupational hazards in the auto parts manufacturing industry. Methods The methods of occupational health investigation, occupational hazards detection and checklist analysis were used to evaluate the critical control points and their protective measures. Results There were some occupational hazards such as chemical poisons, dust, noise, high temperature, arc welding, vibration and X-ray in the auto parts manufacturing industry. The concentration of toluene and methanol in the surface treatment of automobile lamp assembly exceeded the occupational exposure limit, Respectively, 16.7% and 4.0% respectively; the manganese dioxide and welding fumes that were exposed to the welding position of the vehicle suspension / steering system exceeded the occupational exposure limits by 8.3%, and the highest noise exceeding standard rate was for automobile rim manufacturing 87.1%), followed by the manufacture of automotive suspension / steering systems, with an exceeding of the rate of 49.0%. Other hazards were lower than the occupational exposure limits. Conclusion The key control positions of occupational hazards in the auto parts manufacturing industry are injection molding, foaming, coating / spraying, welding, casting, flaw detection and so on. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to control the harmful factors.