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目的探讨心肌梗死后患者个性特征、心理健康水平,为临床心理干预提供依据。方法采用艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS),对68例心肌梗死后患者(心梗组)进行测试,并与66名无严重器质性疾病的居民(对照组)进行比较。结果心梗组患者的EPQ个性特征检测N维度标准分(T分)(56.37±2.92)分明显高于对照组(41.91±4.20)分,E维度T分(56.25±3.49)分明显高于对照组(42.13±4.99)分。心梗组患者焦虑症状标准分(52.35±9.81)分明显高于对照组(41.79±7.01)分,抑郁症状标准分(48.26±10.13)分明显高于对照组(43.11±6.21)分。焦虑症状发生率心梗组为47.05%,对照组为15.15%,两组比较差异有统计学意义;抑郁症状发生率心梗组为42.65%,对照组为16.67%,两组比较差异有统计学意义。心梗组不同性别患者焦虑、抑郁症状发生率比较,SAS评分≥50分男女之间差异无统计学意义;SDS评分≥53分男女之间差异无统计学意义。结论心肌梗死后患者个性特征以性格外倾和情绪不稳多见,心理问题主要表现为焦虑和抑郁,提示临床工作中应重视心肌梗死后患者的心理康复治疗。
Objective To investigate the personality characteristics and mental health status of patients after myocardial infarction and provide basis for clinical psychological intervention. Methods Sixty-eight patients with post-MI myocardial infarction (MI group) were tested by EPQ, SAS and SDS, and were compared with 66 non-serious Residents of organic disease (control group) were compared. Results The score of NQ-score (56.37 ± 2.92) was significantly higher in the MI group than that in the control group (41.91 ± 4.20), and the score of the E dimension (56.25 ± 3.49) was significantly higher than that of the control Group (42.13 ± 4.99) points. The score of anxiety symptom in the MI group was significantly higher than that of the control group (52.35 ± 9.81), while the depression score (48.26 ± 10.13) was significantly higher than that of the control group (43.11 ± 6.21). The incidence of anxiety symptoms was 47.05% in the MI group and 15.15% in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups; the incidence of depression was 42.65% in the MI group and 16.67% in the control group, with statistical difference significance. The incidence of anxiety and depression in patients with different gender in MI group was no significant difference between male and female with SAS score≥50; there was no significant difference between male and female with SDS score ≥53. Conclusion The personality traits of patients after myocardial infarction are characterized by extraversion and emotional instability. Psychological problems are mainly anxiety and depression, suggesting that psychological rehabilitation should be emphasized in patients with myocardial infarction.