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一、前言天然沉积的土具有各向异性,这早为人所知。但在土力学中深入地对土的各向异性问题加以研究是近20年来的事。通常,把土的各向异性分成两类,一类是由应力引起而产生的组构各向异性,称为应力引起的各向异性(stress induced anisotropy);另一类是受外力以前土本来就具有的组构各向异性,称为固有各向异性(inherent anisotropy)。各向异性对土的强度、刚度、承载力、渗透性和动力性质等均有影响。一般认为各向异性对强度和承载力影响不太大,但对刚度和渗透性影响较大;而各向异性对土动力性质的影响目前尚不清楚,但这一课题最近已受到重视。
I. INTRODUCTION Naturally-deposited soils have anisotropy, which has long been known. However, it has been nearly 20 years since the soil anisotropy was studied deeply in soil mechanics. In general, the anisotropy of soil is divided into two types. One is the anisotropic structure induced by stress, which is called stress induced anisotropy; the other is influenced by external force. With the fabric anisotropy, it is called inherent anisotropy. Anisotropy affects the strength, stiffness, bearing capacity, permeability, and dynamic properties of the soil. It is generally believed that anisotropy has little influence on strength and bearing capacity, but it has a greater influence on stiffness and permeability; however, the influence of anisotropy on the dynamic properties of soil is not yet clear, but this topic has recently been paid attention to.