一、“存在的勇气”的含义与类型蒂利希认为,“存在”是自我与世界的统一,是生命、过程或生成,而“非存在”则是对“存在”的否定,对生命的消解、死亡。所谓勇气,“就是不顾非存在这一事实而对存在进行自我肯定”~([1]120)。蒂利希把存在的勇气分为“作为自我而存在的勇气”和“作为部分而存在的勇气”两个方面来讨论。他指出:“存在的勇气本质上总是处于相互依存关系中的作为部分而存在的勇气与作为自我而存在的勇气。”~([1]70)两者本来都是对方的必要组成部分,但是,由于人与其社会 First, the meaning and type of “the courage to exist” Tillich argues that “existential ” is the unity of self and the world, life, process or genesis, whereas “non existent ”Negation, digestion of life, death. The so-called courage, “is to ignore the existence of non-existence of this fact and the existence of self-affirmation ” ~ ([1] 120). Tillich divides the existing courage into two parts: the courage to exist as a self and the courage to exist as a part. He pointed out: “The courage to exist is always inherently courageous as a part and inherent in the interdependence.” ~ ([1] 70) Both are inherently necessary components of each other Part, however, due to people and their society