本文运用贸易经济效率指数比较了两个典型的东亚国家中国和日本在加工食品方面的贸易表现。由于大国效应和数量庞大的中小贸易公司的恶性竞争,以及缺少有效的贸易管理措施,中国大部分加工食品出口和部分产品进口的经济效率恶化了。而日本仅在食品进口方面经济效率下降,可能原因是严格的技术壁垒导致进口来源集中于发达国家。本文建议中国通过整顿贸易秩序以及合理选择贸易时机来提高加工食品贸易的经济效率,日本的可行对策则是在保证产品质量的同时改变进口来源。 This paper compares trade performance of two typical East Asian countries, China and Japan, on processed foods using the index of trade and economic efficiency. The economic efficiency of most of China’s processed food exports and the import of some of its products deteriorated due to the big country effect and the vicious competition of a large number of small and medium-sized trading companies, as well as the lack of effective trade management measures. However, the economic efficiency of Japan in terms of food imports only declined, possibly due to the strict technical barriers that led to the concentration of import sources in developed countries. This paper suggests that China can improve the economic efficiency of the processed food trade by reorganizing the trade order and reasonably choosing trade opportunities. The feasible countermeasure for Japan is to change the source of imports while ensuring product quality.