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文章通过介绍美国对小型企业、弱势工商企业以及少数群体企业(MBE企业)的扶持性措施,结合联邦高法的两大案件,探讨了美国在扶持MBE企业方面的做法。美国对MBE企业的扶持性措施发生过数次变迁,也充满了灵活性与复杂性。这些措施在协助企业获得政府合同份额的同时,也造成了企业过度依赖政府的现象,甚至破坏了族群团结。因此,我国政府在制定与落实少数民族企业的扶持性政策的过程中,不宜将少数民族身份作为入选扶持性项目的唯一标准;不宜以设立硬性指标或预留比例的方式来落实政策;不宜通过降低门槛的方式来落实政策;需要多项措施并举,从根本上提升少数民族企业竞争力。
By introducing the supportive measures of the United States for small businesses, disadvantaged businesses and minority businesses (MBE companies), and combining the two major cases of federal high law, the article explores the United States’ practice of supporting MBE businesses. The supportive measures taken by the United States toward MBE enterprises have undergone several changes and are full of flexibility and complexity. These measures, while helping enterprises to obtain the share of government contracts, have also caused the enterprises to rely too much on the government and even undermine ethnic unity. Therefore, in the process of formulating and implementing the supportive policies of ethnic minority enterprises, our government should not regard ethnic minorities as the only criterion for selecting supporting projects. We should not implement the policy by setting up hard targets or reserving the ratio. We should not adopt Reduce the threshold of the way to implement the policy; need a number of measures simultaneously to fundamentally enhance the competitiveness of ethnic minority enterprises.