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以9个不同产地的紫苏为研究材料,比较叶片解剖结构、色素含量、光合特性的差异。结果表明:不同产地紫苏叶片均属于异面叶类型,栅栏组织均由1列排列紧密的长柱形细胞构成,其叶片海绵组织细胞2~3层,叶片下表皮有较多的气孔和腺毛,叶片气孔多为卵圆形;不同产地紫苏叶片的气孔直径和密度存在差异;其中,烟台紫苏的气孔直径最大,无锡紫苏的气孔密度最大,南京紫苏的气孔直径和密度均为最小;不同产地紫苏叶绿素和花色苷含量差异较大,叶色越紫,花色苷含量越高,叶绿素含量越低,而保定、邯郸和邢台三地紫苏同时有较高的叶绿素和花色苷含量;紫苏叶片花色苷含量与净光合速率之间存在负相关性,如烟台紫苏花色苷含量较低,其净光合速率较高,而南京紫苏花色苷含量较高,其净光合速率较低;不同产地间紫苏叶片解剖结构和叶片色素含量均存在差异,并且与净光合速率存在一定的相关性。本研究为紫苏种质资源及育种研究奠定了基础。
Perilla frutescens from nine different habitats were used as materials to compare the differences in leaf anatomical structure, pigment content and photosynthetic characteristics. The results showed that the leaves of Perilla frutescens from different habitats belonged to the heterogeneous leaf type. The palisade tissues consisted of 1 closely arranged long cylindrical cells with 2 to 3 layers of sponge cells and more stomata and glands There were differences in stomatal diameter and density of perilla leaves in different areas. Among them, the stomatal diameter of Perilla frutescens was the largest, the stomatal density was the highest in Perilla frutescens, and the stomatal diameter and density of Perilla frutescens The content of chlorophyll and anthocyanin in Perilla frutescens from different areas was significantly different. The more the leaf color was, the higher the anthocyanin content was, the lower the content of chlorophyll was, while the Perilla frutescens from Baoding, Handan and Xingtai had higher chlorophyll and color There was a negative correlation between anthocyanin content and net photosynthetic rate in Perilla frutescens leaves. For example, the content of anthocyanin in Perilla frutescens was lower, the net photosynthetic rate was higher, while the content of anthocyanin in Nanjing perilla was higher. The rate was lower; the anatomical structure and leaf pigment content of Perilla frutescens leaves in different areas were different, and there was a certain correlation with the net photosynthetic rate. This study laid the foundation for the research on perillase germplasm resources and breeding.