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当代翻译理论强调,翻译不仅是单纯的语言文字转换,还与译入语的文化语境密切相关。晚明社会的伦理文化和政治意识形态的双重干预注定福音书进入中国的道路不会平坦。耶稣会士从对耶稣事迹只言片语的介绍到对福音书较为完整的转述甚至翻译,经历了半个世纪的漫长过程。在翻译策略上,耶稣会士为调和耶儒矛盾,适应中国文化处境,不得不采用选、删、节、增的方法改写耶稣生平事迹,以期将福音书从欧洲文化语境中转移出来,放到中国儒家文化的氛围中。这就使福音书的译介或多或少具有了中国本土的一些特色。福音书在晚明的译介体现了基督教作为弱势文化进入强势文化语境时不可避免的处境。
Contemporary translation theory emphasizes that translation is not only a simple language conversion, but also closely related to the cultural context of the translated language. The dual intervention of ethical culture and political ideology in the late Ming dynasty did not smooth the path of destined Gospel into China. The Jesuits have gone through half a century’s long process from the introduction of the deeds of Jesus to the more complete translating or even translating of the Gospels. In terms of translation strategies, the Jesuits, in order to reconcile the pro-Ethiopian and the Jewish conflicts and adapt to the situation of Chinese culture, had to rewrite the life story of Jesus with the methods of election, deletion, section and addition with a view to transferring the gospel from the European cultural context to Chinese Confucian culture in the atmosphere. This makes the translation of Gospels more or less characteristic of some of China’s native land. The translation of Gospels in the late Ming dynasty embodies the unavoidable situation of Christianity entering into a strong cultural context as a weak culture.