最先提出气质学说者是公元前四世纪的古希腊哲学家希波克拉特,他将人的气质划分为四种类型:胆汁质——表现为直率、热情,精力旺盛,情绪容易冲动,心境变化激烈,外倾;多血质——表现活泼好动、敏感,反应迅速,喜欢与人交往,注意力容易转移,兴趣容易变换,外倾;粘液质——表现为安静,注意力稳定难以转移,能忍耐,内倾;抑郁质——表现孤僻,行动迟缓,情绪体验深刻,善于察觉一般人不易察觉的细节,内倾。儿童表现出来的不同气质与他们的高级神经活动类型有直接关系。苏联生理学 The first to put forward the temperament theory is the Greek philosopher Hippocrate IV centuries BC, he divided the temperament of people into four types: bile quality - manifested as straightforward, enthusiastic, energetic, emotional impulse, mood Fierce change, extraversion; more blood quality - performance lively, sensitive, responsive, like to interact with people, attention is easy to transfer, easy to change the interest, camber; mucus - performance was quiet, difficult to pay attention to stability Transfer, endurance, introvert; depressive qualities - performance eccentric, slow, emotional experience, good at perceiving the details of the common people are not easy, introverted. The different temperaments that children show are directly related to their high level of neural activity. Soviet physiology