胜任素质是能区分在特定的工作职位和组织环境中工作绩效的各种个人特征的集合(包括技能、知识、社会角色与自我形象等)。如图1所示,一个人的胜任素质是分层、分级的:从最表层的浮于冰山之上的知识与技能,到最底层难以用一般方法测得的内驱力及社会动机,越靠近冰山的底部,对其 Competency is the set of personal characteristics (including skills, knowledge, social roles, self-image, etc.) that distinguish between job performance in a specific job title and organizational environment. As shown in Figure 1, a person’s competency is hierarchical and hierarchical: from the most superficial knowledge and skills floating on the tip of the iceberg to the inner driving force and social motivation that are hard to measure in the ordinary way at the lowest level, The bottom of the iceberg, against it