目前抗生素生产在国际医药市场已占主要地位、从50年代发展的β-内酰胺类抗生素,到80年代在发达国家中其产值已列为各种药物之首。因该系列药物具有高效,低毒,抗菌谱广等优点。美国半合成青霉素产量已达4000(吨)、头孢菌素的产量为1200(吨)。在日本半合成头孢菌素占该国销售药物的 At present, the production of antibiotics has occupied a major position in the international pharmaceutical market. From the development of β-lactam antibiotics in the 1950s to the 1980s, the output of antibiotics has ranked as the first among all kinds of drugs in the developed countries. Because of the series of drugs with high efficiency, low toxicity, broad antibacterial spectrum and so on. The yield of semi-synthetic penicillin in the United States has reached 4,000 (tonnes) and that of cephalosporins is 1,200 (tonnes). Semi-synthetic cephalosporins in Japan make up the country’s sales of drugs