目的比较分析经阴道与经腹腔镜行子宫肌瘤剔除术的临床效果。方法选取扬州友好医院行手术治疗的子宫肌瘤患者96例,其中观察组46例行经阴道子宫肌瘤剔除术,对照组50例行经腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术,观察两组患者术中情况、住院花费、术后情况、肌瘤复发率及肌瘤残留率。结果两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后病率及镇痛剂使用率方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组剔除的肌瘤数多于对照组(P<0.05),观察组住院费用、肛门排气时间少于对照组(P<0.05);两组子宫肌瘤复发率、残留率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经阴道子宫肌瘤剔除术剔除的肌瘤数多,而经腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术手术创伤小,粘连发生率低。两种手术方式的选择应根据患者的需求、子宫肌瘤的数目、大小及手术者的经验来选择合适的手术方式。 Objective To compare the clinical effects of transvaginal and laparoscopic myomectomy. Methods 96 cases of uterine leiomyoma were treated surgically in Yangzhou Friendship Hospital, 46 cases in the observation group underwent transvaginal myomectomy and 50 cases in the control group underwent laparoscopic myomectomy. The intraoperative Condition, inpatient expense, postoperative condition, myoma recurrence rate and myoma residual rate. Results There was no significant difference in operative time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, postoperative morbidity and analgesic usage between the two groups (P> 0.05). The number of myoma removed in the observation group was more than that in the control group (P <0.05). The hospitalization cost and anal exhaust time in the observation group were less than those in the control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate and residual rate between the two groups (P> 0.05). Conclusions Transvaginal uterine fibroids removed more fibroids, while laparoscopic myomectomy resulted in less trauma and less adhesions. The choice of two surgical methods should be based on the needs of patients, the number of uterine fibroids, size and surgical experience to choose the appropriate surgical approach.