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玉米杂种优势的研究对于提高玉米产量和品质有重要意义。对2013年海南三亚种植收获的89份温带自交系、59份热带/亚热带自交系和由这148份自交系随机组配的179份杂交组合进行当代子粒性状的测定。分析了温带玉米与热带/亚热带玉米自交系子粒性状的多样性与差异性,同时依据亲本来源的不同,探索了不同组合的杂交当代子粒性状的差异性。结果表明:温带来源的玉米自交系粒长和百粒重比热带/亚热带材料的粒长和百粒重显著偏长偏重;不同来源的自交系组配的杂交当代F1,母本来源于温带的杂交当代F1粒长显著长于母本来源于热带/亚热带材料;杂种优势分析结果说明,杂交当代F1在粒厚和百粒重性状上表现的相对高亲和相对中亲优势强于粒长和粒宽。
Maize heterosis research is of great significance to improve the yield and quality of maize. A total of 89 temperate inbred lines, 59 tropical / subtropical inbred lines harvested from Sanya, Hainan Island, and 179 hybrid combinations randomly selected from 148 inbred lines in 2013 were used to determine the contemporary grain traits. The diversity and difference of the grain traits of temperate maize and tropical / subtropical maize inbred lines were analyzed. At the same time, the differences of the hybrid maize traits in different combinations were explored based on the origin of the maize. The results showed that grain length and 100-grain weight of maize inbred lines from inbred lines were significantly longer than that of the tropical / subtropical ones. Hybrid F1 from the different origins of the hybrids was derived from F1 The F1 hybrids in temperate hybrids were significantly longer than those derived from tropical and subtropical hybrids. The heterosis analysis indicated that the relative high affinity and relative parental vigor of hybrid F1 in grain thickness and 100 grain weight traits was stronger than that of grain length And grain width.