矿山压力观测方法多种多样,观测的目的在于认识矿山压力的发生、发展规律,以便预报和消除其潜在威胁与危害。一、矿山压力观测方法的基本原理和分类由于应力是存在于岩体内的一个物理量,采用直接方法观测应力,在技术上十分困难。因而往往通过观测力的作用效果来测量应力、压力和载荷。根据被测对象的性质,矿山压力观测可分为以下几个方面。 1.岩体及地表移动测量:包括采空区上方岩层移动及地表下沉和水平移动测量、井巷围岩位移测量、矿柱(或矿壁)的高度 Mine pressure observation methods are varied, the purpose of observation is to understand the occurrence of mine pressure, the law of development in order to forecast and eliminate its potential threat and harm. First, the basic principles and classification of mine pressure observation method As the stress is a physical quantity that exists in the rock mass, using direct method to observe the stress is technically very difficult. Therefore, the effect of the observation force is often used to measure the stress, pressure and load. According to the nature of the measured object, mine pressure observation can be divided into the following aspects. 1. Rock mass and surface movement measurement: including the movement of overlying strata above the mined-out area, surface subsidence and horizontal movement measurement, displacement measurement of the surrounding rock of the roadway, height of the pillar (or mine wall)