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中古英国诗人乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事》里《巴斯妇的前言》可以看成是一个追求性自由的俗女人解释圣经的案例,是对教会和男权解经传统的颠覆。半世纪以来的文学批评除聚焦其中明显的女权问题,还争论是否宗教改革者威克利夫的英译圣经和以圣经为一切解释之本的思想影响了巴斯妇的解经。本文对此进行考察,通过剖析巴斯妇狂欢化的语言风格,试图揭露深藏在语言中的动荡的能量,并结合乔叟本人对解经的谨慎态度,指出巴斯妇解经集中体现了14世纪英国社会存在于性别、婚姻、阶级、宗教和政治等方面的诸多矛盾。最终,乔叟对他深切关心的男女关系问题并未给出一个清楚的解决方案。他既提倡宽容谅解,又严厉要求犯错犯罪者悔悟改正。
The preface of Bath’s Woman in The Canterbury Tales of the Middle English Poet Chaucer can be regarded as a case of a biblical interpretation of a popular woman pursuing freedom and a subversion of the traditions of the church and patriarchal interpretation. In addition to focusing on the obvious feminist issues over the past half century, literary criticism over the past half century has also debated whether Wickcliffe’s English translation of the Reformer and the idea that the Bible is the source of all explanations influence the interpretation of Bath’s women. This article examines this. By analyzing the Basque woman’s carnival language style, trying to uncover the energy of the turmoil hidden deep in the language, and combining with Chaucer’s own cautious attitude toward explaining the Scriptures, In the 14th century British society existed many contradictions in terms of gender, marriage, class, religion and politics. In the end, Chaucer did not give a clear solution to the issue of male-female relations that he was deeply concerned about. He advocated forgiveness of understanding and severely demanded the wrongdoers repentance and correction.