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目的了解某铅冶炼企业周边儿童血铅水平及相关因素。方法采取分层整群随机抽样和单纯随机抽样相结合的方法,2012年5—6月调查某铅冶炼企业周边10 km范围内的Z镇常驻人口中3~14岁儿童1 047名。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)进行血中铅含量的测定,并做相关因素问卷调查。结果该企业周边儿童血铅中位数为205.82μg/L,P_(25)为158.31μg/L,P_(75)为280.35μg/L。达到高铅血水平的儿童比例为95.32%(998/1 047),达到铅中毒水平的儿童比例为53.01%(555/1 047);不同污染区儿童血铅水平:重度污染区>中度污染区>轻度污染区;3~7岁儿童血铅水平明显高于8~14岁儿童(P<0.01);多重线性回归显示,年龄较大、与父母共同生活的儿童血铅水平较低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论该企业周边儿童血铅水平和血铅超标率情况已非常严重。我国涉铅企业周边铅污染现状,尤其是周边儿童血铅水平调查亟待开展。
Objective To understand the level of blood lead and related factors in children around a lead smelting enterprise. Methods From May to June in 2012, a total of 1,047 children aged 3-14 years from the resident population of Z town within 10 km around a lead smelting enterprise were surveyed by stratified cluster random sampling and simple random sampling. The content of lead in blood was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), and related factors were investigated. Results The median blood lead level was 205.82μg / L, P_ (25) was 158.31μg / L, and P_ (75) was 280.35μg / L. The proportion of children reaching high levels of lead was 95.32% (998/1 047) and the percentage of children reaching the level of lead poisoning was 53.01% (555/1 047). Levels of blood lead in children with different levels of pollution were: heavy pollution> moderate pollution District> mildly polluted areas; blood lead levels were significantly higher in children aged 3 to 7 years than those in children aged 8 to 14 (P <0.01); multiple linear regression showed that children older and living with their parents had lower levels of blood lead P <0.05, P <0.01). Conclusion The levels of blood lead and blood lead over-standard children around the enterprise have been very serious. The status quo of lead pollution around the lead-related enterprises in our country, especially the investigation of the blood lead levels of the surrounding children, is urgently needed.