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自《马氏文通》以来,对于虚词的研究进入到一个新的阶段,多是从意义和功能两方面对虚词进行定义。但是众说纷纭,仍无定论,其中认为虚词没有词汇意义只有语法作用的观点并不能得到普遍认同。通过回顾虚词定义及其研究的四个阶段,找出问题所在,并提出虚词不“虚”的三条理由。首先从逻辑上说虚词有词汇意义;其次虚词的源头是有具体意义的实词;最后虚词的发展符合汉语词汇发展的规律,又包括虚词具有稳固性、复音化、同义词、词义的变化、构词能力和兼类多职六个方面。
Since “Mark’s Ma”, the research on the function words has entered a new stage, mostly defining the function words in both meaning and function. However, there are still many different opinions, and the view that there is no lexical meaning of grammatical words only has grammatical meaning can not be universally accepted. By reviewing the definition of function words and the four stages of their research, we can find out the problem and put forward three reasons why the function words are not “virtual”. First of all, the function words of the function words are logically speaking. Secondly, the source words of the function words are the concrete words with specific meanings. The development of the function words at last conforms to the law of the development of Chinese words, and also includes the changes of the function words, such as soundness, polyphony, Ability and multi-class six aspects.