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(一)发育的市场环境,包括形成商品市场和要素市场。这就需要一系列相关体制的配套改革。为了形成商品市场,需要改革计划、流通和价格管理体制;为了形成要素市场,首先是资金市场和劳务市场,需要改革投资体制、金融体制和人事体制、社会保障体制。 (二)市场活动的主体是企业。但企业必须自主经营、自负盈亏,才能成为合格的市场主体。 (三)完善的市场规则。有两个层次:一是微观层次上的市场规则,有些需要国家制定法规,有些仅需要同业认同的公约,还有些是约定俗成的做法。二是宏观层次上的规则,其作用是保证竞争适度。这些方面的市场规则,一般都需要以国家法规形式出现,如垄断法、制止不正当竞争法等。
(A) the development of the market environment, including the formation of commodity markets and factor markets. This requires a series of related reforms of the system. In order to form a commodity market, we need to reform the planning, circulation and price management system. In order to form the factor market, the first is the capital market and the labor market, and the investment system, the financial system, the personnel system and the social security system need to be reformed. (B) the main activity of the market is business. However, enterprises must operate their own businesses, self-financing, in order to become qualified market players. (C) improve the market rules. There are two levels: First, the market rules on the micro level, some countries need to make laws and regulations, some only need to agree with the industry, while others are conventional practices. Second, the macro level rules, its role is to ensure a modest degree of competition. Market rules in these areas generally need to appear in the form of state laws and regulations, such as the monopoly law and the law on the prevention of unfair competition.