用possible,probable与likely的“可能性”

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  英语中的possible,probable与likely均可用作形容词,表示“可能的”。但这三个词的确切含义和实际用法却不尽相同,区别在哪里呢?
  一、possible作形容词意为“有可能的”、“有可能做得到”,三个词中语气最弱。强调客观上有可能性,但常常有“实际希望很小”的暗示。在句中作表语和定语,通常情况下不能用人作主语,而以事物作主语。一般用it作形式主语,构成It’s possible that…或It is possible (for sb.) to do…句型。其反义词为impossible,副词形式为possibly。如:
  Snow is possible, though not probable, even at the end of May.
  即使在五月底,下雪也是有可能的,虽然可能性不大。
  I would say that while failure is still possible, everything points toward success.
  我认为一切都说明我们将获得成功,虽然失败仍旧是可能的。
  He is a possible choice.
  他也是一个可以考虑的人选。(possible在句中作定语)
  The engineers considered all the possible plans.
  工程师们考虑了所有可能的方案。(同上)
  It is possible that he will come to the meeting. 他可能来开会。
  It is possible that the manager will employ more people.
  经理有可能会雇用更多的员工。
  It is entirely possible for us to fulfil the task ahead of schedule.
  我们完全有可能提前完成任务。
  It is possible for me to do it. 我可能会做那件事。
  It is possible to travel to the moon some day.
  将来到月球上旅行是完全有可能的。
  另外,可用于“as…as possible”结构中,表示“尽可能……”。如:
  Read as many books as possible. 尽可能多读些书。
  Be as kind to her as possible. 要尽可能地对她好。
  Please get this done as soon as possible. 请尽快把这件事情办好。
  副词possibly表示“也许、可能”,常与can连用。如:
  They can’t possibly come today. 他们今天不可能来。
  二、probable作形容词意为“可能发生的”、“有可能成为现实的”,表示事情十有八九要发生,三个词中语气最强。常用作表语或定语,也不能用指人的词作主语,而以表示事物的词作主语。通常也用it作形式主语,其后接that从句,构成“It is probable that…”句型,不能接不定式或不定式的复合结构for sb. to do sth.。其反义词为improbable,副词形式为probably。如:
  ——Is such a thing possible? 这样的事情可能吗?
  ——I think it’s ninety percent probable.
  我认为有百分之九十的可能。
  I don’t think the story is probable. 我觉得那故事不大可能。
  Colder weather is probable. 天气很有可能更冷。
  It is possible but not probable that I shall go there next week.
  我下星期有可能会去那儿,但不一定。
  It’s probable that the cost will be greater than we thought.
  很可能花销要比我们想像的多。
  It is highly probable that he will take over his father’s business.
  他极有可能继承父亲的产业。
  probable作定语时,表示“有希望的、极有可能的”。如:
  He is a probable candidate for minister.
  他是一个有希望的部长候选人。
  副词probably相当于most likely, 意思是“或许、大概”。如:
  The train has probably left. 火车大概已经走了。
  三、likely既可作形容词又可作副词用,意为“很可能发生的”,语气较possible强,较probable弱。它侧重于从表面看来,某事很有可能发生,与probable意思接近。有时二者可以通用,含义区别也不大。它的主语可以指人,也可以指一件事。其后可以接不定式,也可用于It is likely that…结构中。但likely在以it作形式主语的句型中作表语时,其后只可接that引导的从句,不能接不定式或其复合结构。这一用法与probable相同而不同于possible,其反义词为unlikely。如:
  
  It is likely/probable that we shall meet with some opposition.
  我们多半会遇到一些阻力的。
  What do you think is likely to happen?
  你认为可能会发生什么情况?
  It is quite likely that a decision will made before the end of the year. 决定很有可能会在年底前作出。
  It is likely that the manager will buy more land.
  经理可能会购买更多的土地。
  The weather is likely to be fine. 可能会天晴。
  likely与probable的主要不同在于:前者暗示从表面迹象来判断,后者意味着经过权衡正反两方面的理由后,相信某事是真实的,或大概会发生。请比较:
  The likely result of the competition changes from moment to moment.
  比赛的结果将是谁胜谁负,每分钟都在变化。(强调看起来时而好像甲方要赢,时而又好像乙方要赢。)
  On the probable result of the competition everything is agreed.
  大家对比赛多半会达到什么结果意见一致。(意即一方的力量显然较另一方占优势。)
  likely也可用作定语,意为“很可能的、可信的、合适的”等。如:
  What’s the likely date for the next General Election?
  下一次大选的日期可能是什么时候?
  His story is a likely one. 他的故事看来是可信的。
  Is this a likely place to fish? 这是钓鱼的理想场所吗?
  当likely作副词用时,前面一定要加very, quite, most等词。如:
  She will very likely learn about our products.
  她很可能了解有关我们产品的情况。
  The new government will quite likely be more eager to change.
  新政府很可能更急于想进行改革。
  He will most likely look through and check these bills before he pays them. 他大概会在付款前查看并核对一下这些帐单。
  综上所述,这三个词在用法上有一共同之处,即都可用于“It is…that …”句型中,但其它用法就不尽相同了。
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