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独子兼祧是以一子兼承同父兄弟两房宗祀的特殊继承方式。独子兼祧作为固定的国家制度始于清代乾隆朝,发展于嘉庆、道光时期。独子兼祧制度的形成是历史、习俗和现实等因素共同作用的结果。考察独子兼祧制度的内容不应局限于成文条例的颁布和完善,还要注意政策法规与现实运作之间错综复杂的关系。独子兼祧制度巩固了“亲兄弟之子”的优先继承权;保证兄弟两房一房有子,两房宗祀共同延续。清代独子兼祧制度的确立标志着封建继承体制发展到了相当高的水准。
One child and one child is a special way of inheriting two siblings of the same sibling and one sibling. The one-child and one-child system, as a fixed system, began with the Qianlong dynasty in the Qing Dynasty and was developed during the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods. The formation of the one-child and one-child system is the result of a combination of history, customs and reality. The content of examining the single-child system should not be confined to the enactment and improvement of written regulations, but should also pay attention to the intricate relationship between policies and regulations and the actual operation. The system of single children and children consolidated the priority of inheritance of “sibling brothers and sons,” and ensured the common continuation of the two siblings with one room and two siblings. The establishment of the single child system in the Qing Dynasty symbolized the development of the feudal inheritance system to a very high standard.