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【目的】探讨血清TNF‐α在2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并周围神经病变患者中的表达及意义。【方法】收集单纯T2DM患者22例（A组），T2DM合并短期（＜8年）周围神经病变患者37例（B组），合并长期（≥8年）周围神经病变患者27例（C组）。收集三组患者血样检测T N F‐α水平。采用左右侧正中神经、尺神经、腓总神经和胫后神经传导速率评估运动神经传导功能，采用正中神经和腓肠神经传导速率评估感觉神经传导功能。【结果】各组临床指标和生化指标比较结果显示外围神经病变患者血清 TNF‐α水平升高，且与神经传导速率存在显著相关性。【结论】T2DM并发周围神经病变患者体内血清TNF‐α水平高可能是导致神经病变的原因，因而TNF‐α可以作为糖尿病并发周围神经病变患者的生物标志物。“,”[Objective] To compare the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in peripheral neuro‐pathic patients and patients without neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) .[Methods] This cross‐sectional study was conducted in diagnosed T2DM patients .They were divided into two groups ,i .e .groupⅠ ( n=37) with clinically detectable diabetic peripheral neuropathy of shorter duration and groupⅡ ( n=27) with clinically detectable diabetic peripheral neuropathy of longer duration .Both groups were compared with those without clinical neuropathy ( n=22) .And clinical diagnosis was based on neuropathy symptom score (NSS) and neuropathy disability score (NDS) for signs .Blood samples were collected for baseline values and estimation of serum TNF‐α.Nerve conduction velocity was measured in both upper and lower extremities .Median ,ulnar ,common peroneal and posterior tibial nerves were selected for motor nerve conduction study and median and sural nerves for sensory nerve conduction stud‐y .[Results]Comparisons of various clinical and biochemical parameters were made for two groups .And an elevated serum level of TNF‐αhad significant correlations with nerve conduction velocity in peripheral neuropathic patients .[Conclusion] A high serum level of TNF‐αmay contribute to the development of neuropathy in T2DM patients with neuropathy .Thus it can be used as a biomarker for diabetic peripheral neuropathy .