美国著名文学批评家爱德华·W·萨义德在《东方学》一书中提出了在西方实际上一直存在着与“先进的西方”相对的“落后的东方”,也就是所谓的“东方学”式的“二元对立”思维方式。它在西方国家以东方国家为对象大力推进殖民政策的过程中,已成为一种霸权话语。日本是一个东方国家,但是它在比西方国家落后几十年的状态下学习西方,并发展到以中国大陆为主要对象推进殖民政策。从日本近代文学家当时关于中国的言论当中也可以看出有类似于萨义德提出的“东方学”的思维方式。因篇幅的关系,本文试图通过借鉴萨义德在《东方学》里所提出的观点,重点围绕芥川龙之介这位作家,深入探讨他对中国的一些言论。 Edward W. Said, a famous American literary critic, put forward in his book The Oriental Studies that “backward eastern” as opposed to “advanced western” has actually existed in the West. This is called “Oriental Studies ”Type of“ dualistic ”thinking. It has become a hegemonic discourse in the process of vigorously promoting colonial policies in the West by orienting the countries in the East. Japan is an oriental country, but it has studied the West for several decades behind its western counterparts and has been promoting the colonial policy of using mainland China as the main target. From the words of contemporary Japanese modern writers on China, we can also find a way of thinking similar to that of Sayyid’s Orientalism. Due to the length of space, this thesis tries to discuss some of his remarks about China by focusing on the writer Ryutsu Akutagawa, by referring to the views put forward by Sayed in “Oriental Studies”.