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纵观历年高考英语试题，几乎年年都有对情态动词的考查。现在结合近几年的高考试题，分析一下情态动词的命题热点。
一、对情态动词一般用法的考查。
can／could能够can’t／couldn’t 不能must必须
mustn’t不可以（表示禁止）need 需要needn’t 不需要，不必
should 应该may／might 可以
1. Tom, you ______ leave all your clothes on the floor like this.(2005全国I)
A wouldn’t B mustn’t C needn’t D may not
析：B。“汤姆，你不可以把衣服像这样扔在地上。”表禁止，所以用mustn’t。
2. John, look at the time. ______ you play the piano at such a late hour?(2005全国III)
A Must B Can C May D Need
析：A。“约翰，看看时间，你一定要在这么晚的时候弹钢琴吗?” 表“一定，必须”。
3. —Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
—She _______. I’ve already borrowed one.(2005湖南)
A can’t B mustn’t C needn’t D shouldn’t
析：C。根据答语“我已经借了一本”可知 “她不需要，不必”。
4. We hope that as many people as possible ______ join us for the picnic tomorrow.(2006全国II)
A need B must C should D can
析：D。“我们希望尽可能多的人明天能够和我们一起去野餐。”“能够”用can。
二、对情态动词表示推测的考查。
情态动词后可接动词原形表示对现在发生情况的推测，接完成式have done表示对过去发生情况的推测。此类用法的情态动词主要有：
must 用于肯定句，表示“一定”。
can／could 用于否定句，表示“不可能”；用于疑问句，表示“可能”。may／might 用于肯定句，表示“可能”；用于否定句，表示“可能不”。
1. He ______ have completed his work, otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.（2005北京）
A should B must C wouldn’t D can’t
析：B。根据后半句可知，“他一定完成了工作”，所以用must。
2. Helen ______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.(2005安徽)
A shall B must C may D can
析：C。根据 “she isn’t quite sure yet”可知：“Helen可能跟我们一起去旅行”。
3. —Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
—No, it ________ be him—I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.(2004全国I)
A can’t B must not C won’t D may not
析：A。根据后半句可知，“不可能是他”。
4. —Is John coming by train?
—He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.(NMET2002)
A must B can C need D may
析：D。由“He likes driving his car”可知，“他可能不坐火车来”。
5. Someone is knocking at the door. Who ____ it be?
A can B may C must D need
析：A。“有人在敲门，可能是谁呢？”用于疑问句表示“可能” 用can。
6. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.(2005重庆)
A shouldn’t have been doing B must have been doing
C could have done D would have done
析：B。must have been doing表示过去某一时刻一定正在做……
三、对情态动词+完成式表示虚拟用法的考查。
could have done 本来能够做（实际上却没有）
might have done 本来可能做（却没有），表示对过去没有做成某事的遗憾或责备。
should have done／ought to have done 本应该做某事（实际上却没有做），表示责备，惊奇。
shouldn’t have done／ought not to have done 本不应该做某事（却做了）。
needn’t have done 本来不必做（却做了），无责备之意。
1. —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You ________ it. I could manage it myself.(2005福建)
A needn’t do B needn’t have done
C mustn’t do D shouldn’t have done
析：B。由“I have cleaned the room for you”和“I could manage it myself”可知，“你本不需要这样做”。
2. I was really anxious about you. You ______ home without a word.(NMET2001)
A mustn’t leave B shouldn’t have left
C couldn’t have left D needn’t leave
析：B。“我真的为你担心，你本不该不告而别”，含有“责备”之意。
3. —I stay at a hotel while in New York.
—Oh, did you? You ______ with Barbara.(1998全国)
A could have stayed B could stay
C would stay D must have stayed
析：A。根据该对话语境及其句意可知，讲话人呆在纽约一家酒店，故回话人应表达“你本来能够和芭芭拉住在一起”。
四、对情态动词特殊用法的考查。
1. should “竟然”，表示惊奇、遗憾等语气。
I’m surprised that anyone of your intelligence should be so foolish as to believe this. 我很惊讶像你这样聪明的人竟会变得如此愚蠢而相信这件事。
2. can “有时候可能会”， 表示一时的可能性，用于肯定句。
The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _____ be very slow.(2005浙江)
A should B must C will D can
析：D。世界万维网有时被戏称为 “the World Wide Wait”, 因为它有时候可能会很慢。
3. 情态动词+ have done表示对过去的推测构成反意疑问句时。
1）一般情况下，反意疑问句部分的助动词通常根据陈述句部分情态动词后的助动词来决定。
2）如果陈述句部分有了明确的过去时间状语，那么反意疑问句部分的助动词必须用did来构成。
There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, ________? (2004上海春招)
A didn’t they B don’t they
C mustn’t they D haven’t they
析：D。句中没有明确的过去时间状语，故用haven’t they。
编辑/梁宇清
一、对情态动词一般用法的考查。
can／could能够can’t／couldn’t 不能must必须
mustn’t不可以（表示禁止）need 需要needn’t 不需要，不必
should 应该may／might 可以
1. Tom, you ______ leave all your clothes on the floor like this.(2005全国I)
A wouldn’t B mustn’t C needn’t D may not
析：B。“汤姆，你不可以把衣服像这样扔在地上。”表禁止，所以用mustn’t。
2. John, look at the time. ______ you play the piano at such a late hour?(2005全国III)
A Must B Can C May D Need
析：A。“约翰，看看时间，你一定要在这么晚的时候弹钢琴吗?” 表“一定，必须”。
3. —Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
—She _______. I’ve already borrowed one.(2005湖南)
A can’t B mustn’t C needn’t D shouldn’t
析：C。根据答语“我已经借了一本”可知 “她不需要，不必”。
4. We hope that as many people as possible ______ join us for the picnic tomorrow.(2006全国II)
A need B must C should D can
析：D。“我们希望尽可能多的人明天能够和我们一起去野餐。”“能够”用can。
二、对情态动词表示推测的考查。
情态动词后可接动词原形表示对现在发生情况的推测，接完成式have done表示对过去发生情况的推测。此类用法的情态动词主要有：
must 用于肯定句，表示“一定”。
can／could 用于否定句，表示“不可能”；用于疑问句，表示“可能”。may／might 用于肯定句，表示“可能”；用于否定句，表示“可能不”。
1. He ______ have completed his work, otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.（2005北京）
A should B must C wouldn’t D can’t
析：B。根据后半句可知，“他一定完成了工作”，所以用must。
2. Helen ______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.(2005安徽)
A shall B must C may D can
析：C。根据 “she isn’t quite sure yet”可知：“Helen可能跟我们一起去旅行”。
3. —Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
—No, it ________ be him—I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.(2004全国I)
A can’t B must not C won’t D may not
析：A。根据后半句可知，“不可能是他”。
4. —Is John coming by train?
—He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.(NMET2002)
A must B can C need D may
析：D。由“He likes driving his car”可知，“他可能不坐火车来”。
5. Someone is knocking at the door. Who ____ it be?
A can B may C must D need
析：A。“有人在敲门，可能是谁呢？”用于疑问句表示“可能” 用can。
6. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.(2005重庆)
A shouldn’t have been doing B must have been doing
C could have done D would have done
析：B。must have been doing表示过去某一时刻一定正在做……
三、对情态动词+完成式表示虚拟用法的考查。
could have done 本来能够做（实际上却没有）
might have done 本来可能做（却没有），表示对过去没有做成某事的遗憾或责备。
should have done／ought to have done 本应该做某事（实际上却没有做），表示责备，惊奇。
shouldn’t have done／ought not to have done 本不应该做某事（却做了）。
needn’t have done 本来不必做（却做了），无责备之意。
1. —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You ________ it. I could manage it myself.(2005福建)
A needn’t do B needn’t have done
C mustn’t do D shouldn’t have done
析：B。由“I have cleaned the room for you”和“I could manage it myself”可知，“你本不需要这样做”。
2. I was really anxious about you. You ______ home without a word.(NMET2001)
A mustn’t leave B shouldn’t have left
C couldn’t have left D needn’t leave
析：B。“我真的为你担心，你本不该不告而别”，含有“责备”之意。
3. —I stay at a hotel while in New York.
—Oh, did you? You ______ with Barbara.(1998全国)
A could have stayed B could stay
C would stay D must have stayed
析：A。根据该对话语境及其句意可知，讲话人呆在纽约一家酒店，故回话人应表达“你本来能够和芭芭拉住在一起”。
四、对情态动词特殊用法的考查。
1. should “竟然”，表示惊奇、遗憾等语气。
I’m surprised that anyone of your intelligence should be so foolish as to believe this. 我很惊讶像你这样聪明的人竟会变得如此愚蠢而相信这件事。
2. can “有时候可能会”， 表示一时的可能性，用于肯定句。
The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _____ be very slow.(2005浙江)
A should B must C will D can
析：D。世界万维网有时被戏称为 “the World Wide Wait”, 因为它有时候可能会很慢。
3. 情态动词+ have done表示对过去的推测构成反意疑问句时。
1）一般情况下，反意疑问句部分的助动词通常根据陈述句部分情态动词后的助动词来决定。
2）如果陈述句部分有了明确的过去时间状语，那么反意疑问句部分的助动词必须用did来构成。
There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, ________? (2004上海春招)
A didn’t they B don’t they
C mustn’t they D haven’t they
析：D。句中没有明确的过去时间状语，故用haven’t they。
编辑/梁宇清