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本文以能源部门为例,分析在同一个产业中,使用旨在解决碳泄漏和竞争力问题的边境调整税(BTAs,Border Tax Adjustments)的相关经济效应。假设与生产相关的垂直市场是连续的寡头垄断结构,执行一项边境贸易政策——边境调整税(BTAs),分析在同时使用国内气候政策时带来的一些问题。一项合适的BTAs取决于一项国内排放税政策产生的影响范围、上游和下游部门的市场竞争性质以及中性BTAs的定义基础。如果以进口数量来定义中性BTAs,减少碳泄漏的同时,不能挽回国内企业竞争力的损失;如果以市场份额来定义中性BTAs,可以维持国内企业的竞争力,同时减少全球的碳排放。
Taking the energy sector as an example, this article analyzes the economic effects of using Border Tax Adjustments (BTAs) to address carbon leakage and competitiveness in the same industry. Assuming that production-related vertical markets are continuous oligopolistic structures, implementing a border trade policy, the Border Adjustment Tax (BTAs), analyzes some of the problems that arise when using domestic climate policies at the same time. A suitable BTAs will depend on the extent of the impact of a domestic emissions tax policy, the market competition nature of the upstream and downstream sectors, and the definitive basis for neutral BTAs. Defining neutral BTAs in terms of imports can reduce the carbon leakage while not losing the competitiveness of domestic firms; if neutral BTAs are defined by market share, the competitiveness of domestic firms can be maintained while reducing global carbon emissions.