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传统发展经济学从农村剩余劳动力转移角度来界定经济发展,暗含着工业化始终处于一定水平上。然而,现实中的工业化是一个不断的产业升级过程。本文在苏州产业升级和农村变化的实践基础上,通过模型论证了在工业化升级下出现的中年农村劳动力“就业难”和“返土”现象,及其对工业化升级所需要的土地集中的影响。本文分析得出:由于中国简单劳动力市场竞争激烈,工业化升级会对中年农村劳动力在工业部门就业产生逆向冲击,使得农民在工业部门的就业面临更大的不确定性。如果采取不适当的土地集中方式,将会使农民失去未来生活的保障,并阻碍土地集中。本文在比较了一次性补偿方式和土地股份制之后,进一步得出,一次性补偿方式会降低农民集中土地的积极性,在现有土地产权制度下,土地股份合作社能够增加农民当期福利并保障他们未来生活,从而使土地集中得以顺利进行,在一定程度上支持了工业化升级。
Traditional development economics defines the economic development from the perspective of rural surplus labor transfer, implying that industrialization is always at a certain level. However, the reality of industrialization is a continuous process of industrial upgrading. Based on the practice of industrial upgrading and rural change in Suzhou, this paper demonstrates the phenomenon of “employment difficulties” and “return to earth” of middle-aged rural laborers under the industrialization upgrade and their necessary for industrialization upgrading The impact of land concentration. The analysis shows that due to the intense competition in the simple labor market in China, the industrial upgrading will reverse the employment of middle-aged rural laborers in the industrial sector, making the employment of farmers in the industrial sector more uncertain. If improper land concentration is adopted, peasants will lose the guarantee of future life and hinders the concentration of land. After comparing the one-time compensation method with the land shareholding system, the paper further concludes that the one-time compensation method will reduce the farmers' enthusiasm for land concentration. Under the existing land ownership system, the Land Stock Cooperative Company can increase the current welfare of farmers and ensure their future life , So that the concentration of land can be smoothly carried out, to a certain extent, supported the industrialization upgrade.