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精神分裂症为临床常见精神类疾病，目前临床中尚未明确其病因。近年来有研究指出精神分裂症可能与患者全身免疫系统变化及肠道菌群参与的免疫反应存在相关性，由于肠道微生物菌群的数量和组成变化可通过肠道菌群-肠-脑轴影响人类的社会行为和认知行为，精神分裂症的发生与肠道菌群相关，以期将肠道菌群作为治疗精神分裂症的新靶点。本研究综述了肠道菌群与精神分裂症的关系，为临床预防和治疗精神分裂症等疾病的研究发展提供参考。“,”Schizophrenia is a common clinical psychiatric disease, but its etiology has not been clarified in clinic. In recent years, some studies have pointed out that schizophrenia may be related to the changes of systemic immune system and the immune response participated by intestinal flora. Since the quantity and composition of intestinal microflora can affect human social behavior and cognitive behavior through intestinal flora gut brain axis, the occurrence of schizophrenia is related to intestinal flora. This study aims to target on intestinal flora for schizophrenia treatment. This study summarized the relationship between intestinal flora and schizophrenia, and provided reference for clinical prevention and treatment of schizophrenia.