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目的探讨支气管哮喘急性发作并发低钾血症的临床特点。方法 126例确诊为中、重度支气管哮喘患者为哮喘组,根据静脉应用糖皮质激素不同将其分为地塞米松亚组及甲基强的松龙亚组,对照组为同期收治的150例肺炎患者,测定患者血钾水平并进行统计分析。结果哮喘组血钾水平明显低于对照组[(3.47±1.26)vs(3.82±1.01),P<0.01],地塞米松亚组血钾水平低于甲基强的松龙亚组[(3.39±1.37)vs(3.49±1.66),P<0.05],哮喘组低钾血症发生率高于对照组(28.6%vs 7.3%,P<0.01),地塞米松亚组低钾血症发生率高于甲基强的松龙亚组(61.49%vs11.0%,P<0.01)。结论支气管哮喘急性发作合并低钾血症的发生率高,应用地塞米松增加发生低钾血症危险。
Objective To investigate the clinical features of acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma complicated with hypokalemia. Methods One hundred and sixty-six patients with moderate and severe bronchial asthma were selected as asthma group. According to the difference of intravenous glucocorticoids, they were divided into dexamethasone subgroup and methylprednisolone subgroup. The control group received 150 cases of pneumonia Patients, determination of serum potassium levels and statistical analysis. Results The level of serum potassium in asthma group was significantly lower than that in control group [(3.47 ± 1.26) vs (3.82 ± 1.01), P <0.01], and the plasma potassium level in dexamethasone subgroup was lower than that in methylprednisolone subgroup [(3.39 ± 1.37 vs 3.49 ± 1.66, P <0.05]. The incidence of hypokalemia in asthma group was higher than that in control group (28.6% vs 7.3%, P <0.01). The incidence of hypokalemia in dexamethasone subgroup Higher than methylprednisolone subgroup (61.49% vs11.0%, P <0.01). Conclusions The incidence of acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma with hypokalemia is high, and dexamethasone increases the risk of hypokalemia.