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为探索岩溶关键带元素运移时空变化特征及过程,自2009年10月至2015年5月对我国北方典型岩溶关键带——河南西部鸡冠洞相互作用带中各组分(大气降水、土壤、基岩、洞穴滴水、洞穴现代沉积物)进行了连续定点监测及取样分析,共获得650个实验数据.对比了Ca、Mg、Ba、Sr、δ~(13)C及元素比值在不同组分中的变化情况及运移规律.结果表明:(1)土壤与基岩是滴水的主要物质来源,Mg、Ba、Sr符合“土壤-基岩”二元物源模型,但各自所占比例并不相同.(2)在空间上,洞穴系统相互作用带中各元素迁移相互联系.滴水继承了土壤及基岩的信号,现代沉积物又能延续滴水各元素的信息.元素在土壤纵剖面中表现出了明显的淋溶和淀积作用,最下层土壤较好地继承了基岩中微量元素的信息.(3)在时间上,洞穴系统相互作用带中各元素迁移复杂多变.土壤及滴水受降水淋滤作用影响皆表现明显的季节差异,然在岩溶水运移路径、PCP作用、极端干旱和年降水雨型的影响下,滴水元素浓度旱、雨季差异明显较土壤小.而PCP作用及元素选择性淋滤等因素又改变了沉积物中元素对滴水元素的延续特性.
In order to explore the spatio-temporal variation characteristics and process of key belt migration in karst areas, from October 2009 to May 2015, the components of the interaction zone of Jiguantong Cave, a typical karst key zone in the north of China, Bedrock, cave drip, modern cave deposit) were continuously monitored and sampled for a total of 650 experimental data.Comparing Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, δ ~ (13) C and element ratio in different components The results show that: (1) Soil and bedrock are the main sources of drip, and Mg, Ba and Sr are in line with the “soil-bedrock” binary source model, but their respective share (2) Spatially, the migration of elements in the interaction system of caves system is interrelated, drip irrigation inherits the signal of soil and bedrock, and modern sediment can extend the information of each element of drip irrigation. The sections show obvious leaching and deposition, and the bottom layer of soil inherits the information of trace elements in bedrock well. (3) In time, the migration of each element in the interaction system of cave system is complicated and changeable. Soil and drip water are affected by precipitation and leaching However, under the influence of karst water transport path, PCP effect, extreme drought and annual precipitation rainfall, the difference of drip irrigation element concentration in drought and rainy season is obviously smaller than that in soil, while PCP action and element selective leaching Changes in the sediment elements on the drip element of the continuation of the characteristics.