作为当今美国适用最广、影响最大的事实认定司法审查标准,实质性证据标准(substantial evidence standard)已经在美国行政诉讼中历经了百年的洗礼,日趋稳定与完善。“为一个合理的人所接受”、“审查全部记录”此两点内涵是实质性证据标准的基本架构;其包括“适应性”、“效能发挥的非独立性”、“适用范围的有限性”三点特性。其中,实质性证据标准的“效能发挥的非独立性”是评价该标准合理与否的准绳。 As the most widely accepted and most influential fact in the United States, judicial review standards are recognized. The substantive evidence standard has undergone a century of baptism in U.S. administrative litigation and has become increasingly stable and perfect. “Accept for a reasonable person ”, “Review all records ” These two connotations are the basic framework of material evidence standards; they include “Adaptability ”, “Non- ”,“ Limited scope of application ”three characteristics. Among them, the substantive evidence standard “non-independence of the effectiveness of play ” is to evaluate the criterion of reasonable or not.