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目的了解绍兴市学生抑郁、焦虑症状流行状况及其影响因素,为实施有效干预措施提供科学依据。方法选取绍兴市1所大学、2所高中、2所初中,采用分层整群抽样方法选取2 348名学生作为研究对象。使用Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)、Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)评定抑郁、焦虑症状,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析抑郁、焦虑症状的影响因素。结果学生抑郁、焦虑症状的检出率分别为42.0%和12.3%,男生抑郁检出率(44.7%)高于女生(39.4%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.577,P<0.05);女生焦虑检出率(15.0%)高于男生(9.4%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.794,P<0.01)。抑郁、焦虑症状检出率在不同年级间差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为52.181,11.185,P<0.01或P<0.05);城市学生抑郁症状检出率高于农村学生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.247,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,学习负担重、噪声影响、睡眠时间少、早餐不规律、朋友数量少等是抑郁、焦虑症状的危险因素。结论绍兴市学生抑郁、焦虑症状普遍存在,与社会因素、环境因素、个人生活方式等相关。应加强在校学生的心理健康教育。
Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of depression and anxiety among students in Shaoxing and provide a scientific basis for effective intervention. Methods A total of 2 348 students from 2 universities, 2 high schools and 2 junior high schools in Shaoxing were selected as study subjects by stratified cluster sampling method. Zung depression self-rating scale (SDS) and Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) were used to assess the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of depression and anxiety symptoms. Results The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety were 42.0% and 12.3% respectively in boys and 44.7% in boys. The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 6.577, P <0.05). The prevalence of anxiety among girls (15.0%) was higher than that of boys (9.4%) (χ2 = 16.794, P <0.01). The detection rates of depression and anxiety were statistically significant among different grades (χ2 = 52.181, 11.185, P <0.01 or P <0.05). The prevalence of depression was higher in urban students than in rural students Significance (χ2 = 5.247, P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that learning burden, noise impact, less sleep, irregular breakfast, and a small number of friends are risk factors for depression and anxiety symptoms. Conclusion The depression and anxiety symptoms of students in Shaoxing are ubiquitous and related to social factors, environmental factors and personal life style. Psychological health education should be strengthened in school students.