将学术分为哲学、文学(文艺)、自然科学、社会科学(或称人文科学),这是近现代的事情。在中国,直到明清时代,学科的划分还不这样明确。清代学者将学术分为义理之学、考据之学与词章之学。段玉裁在《戴东原集序》中述戴震之言云:“有义理之学,有文章之学,有 Divided into academic philosophy, literature (literature and art), natural sciences, social sciences (or humanities), which is a modern thing. In China, until the Ming and Qing dynasties, the division of disciplines was not yet clear. The scholars in Qing Dynasty divided the academic into the science of justice, the textual research and the study of the word chapters. Duan Yucai in the ”Dai Dongyuan set“ in the Dai Zhen said: ”The theory of righteousness, there are articles of the study, there are