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目的 了解山东省部队驻地(驻地)流行性出血热(EHF)自然疫源地流行病学特征及其危险因素。方法 采用病原学、血清学与病例对照和病家对照研究方法,检测标本和收集资料,进行整理分析。结果 驻地存在家鼠型(91.48%)、野鼠型(7.21%)、未定型(1.31%)病人。两型病人在性别、职业和年龄分布无明显差异。全年各月均有发病,家鼠型发病高峰为3～6月份,野鼠型为11月至翌年2月;鼠肺EHF病毒(EHFV)抗原型别和血清型别均与宿主种类相一致;证实边缘住户、住室鼠患、养狗、口腔粘膜损伤、吃鼠污染食物、房周有鼠栖地在病例中的频率显著高于对照(P<0.05)。而住室鼠患、使用捕鼠器、吃未防鼠食物与边缘住户在病家中的频率显著高于对照(P<0.05);长期坚持灭鼠防鼠的综合性措施,以“一个原则五个相结合”方法,能将鼠密度常年控制在1.0%以下。结论 驻地是以家鼠型为主的家、野鼠型混合型疫区,近年疫区扩大和病例剧增是由家鼠型病毒感染所致;春夏季EHF流行,主要系家庭内感染,以鼠污染食物传播和鼠源性接触传播为主;十多年实践证明灭鼠防鼠是预防EHF的主导措施
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic hemorrhagic fever (EHF) in Shandong Province and its risk factors. Methods Etiological, serological and case-control and disease-control study methods, detection of specimens and collection of data, sorting analysis. Results There were 91.48% of domestic mice, 7.22% of wild mice, and 1.31% of unconfined patients (1.31%). Two types of patients in gender, occupation and age distribution no significant difference. The incidence of the disease in each month of the year, the peak incidence of rodent domestic mice from March to June, wild rat type from November to February of the following year; mouse lung EHFV antigen type and serotype are consistent with the host species; Confirmed that the edge of the households, rats living room, dogs, oral mucosal injury, food contaminated rats, atrial circumference rat habitat in the case frequency was significantly higher (P <0.05). However, the frequency of rodent infestation and rodent infestation was significantly higher than that of control (P <0.05). The long-term adherence to the comprehensive measures of rodent control and rodent prevention was based on “one principle five A combination of ”method, perennial control of rat density below 1.0%. Conclusions The resident is a domestic mouse-type mixed-type virus epidemic area. In recent years, the expansion of endemic area and the sharp increase of cases are caused by the domestic mouse virus infection. The epidemic of EHF in spring and summer is mainly caused by domestic infections, Pollution of food transmission and transmission of the main source of contact with rats; more than 10 years of practice proved rodent prevention is the dominant EHF prevention measures