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三十年来吸烟已被确认为诱发肺癌的主要因素,一小部分病例则显然由于职业因素造成的。有人试图将大气污染与肺癌作为一种因果关系来研究,但所得结果说服力不够。由于肺癌潜伏期长,故考查病例必须结合几年乃至几十年前的环境来考虑。本文调查美国费城肺癌死亡率的地区差异及其与大气污染的关系。费城在卫生行政上分成十个区。作者分析该市1968～1972年的死亡证明书,统计各区30岁以上男性白种人的肺癌标准死亡率,人口资料取自1970年普查数据。九个区(5、6区合并统计)的肺癌死亡率(见表)统计上有极显著差异(P<0.0005)。各区特征如下:1区是商业中心区,汽车交通繁忙,建筑密度高,阻碍大气扩散。5、6区以及8区的南部是低收入居住区和商业区。7区工业集中,有发电站、市政焚化炉、化工厂、冶炼厂、炼油厂等。2区和大部分的3区也是工业区,有炼油厂、汽油装运
Smoking has been identified as a major cause of lung cancer for three decades and a small percentage of cases apparently due to occupational causes. Some people are trying to study air pollution and lung cancer as a causal relationship, but the results are not convincing enough. Due to the long incubation period of lung cancer, the examination cases must be considered in combination with the circumstances of several years or even decades ago. This article investigates the regional differences in lung cancer mortality in Philadelphia and their relationship with air pollution in the United States. Philadelphia is divided into ten districts for health administration. The author analyzes the city’s death certificate from 1968 to 1972, and computes the standard lung cancer death rate among white men over the age of 30 over the age of 30. The demographic data are from the 1970 census data. There was a statistically significant difference (P <0.0005) in lung cancer mortality (see table) among the nine districts (combined with district 5 and 6). The characteristics of the districts are as follows: District 1 is a commercial center with heavy traffic and high building density, which impedes the spread of the atmosphere. Areas 5, 6 and 8 in the south are low-income residential and commercial areas. Industrial Zone 7, a power plant, municipal incinerators, chemical plants, smelters, refineries and so on. Zone 2 and most of Zone 3 are also industrial zones with refineries and petrol shipping