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先前对类别推理中典型性效应的事件相关电位(ERP)研究主要测量了类别演绎中的典型性效应和类别归纳中的结论典型性效应,且这些研究没有测量典型性效应在属性推理阶段的ERP反应.本研究采用类别归纳任务,将任务的结论部分拆分为结论类别和结论属性两阶段,分别测量了类别归纳推理中结论典型性效应(典型结论比不典型结论更可能成立,实验一)和前提典型性效应(典型前提比不典型前提导致的推理结论更可能成立,实验二)的ERP反应.实验一与实验二的结果一致显示,在结论类别阶段,典型条件比不典型条件诱发了更大的P2波幅,反映了典型条件下语义表征激活的增加.同时,不典型条件比典型条件诱发了更大的N400波幅,反映了语义整合需要不同的认知努力程度.在结论属性阶段,实验一和实验二的结果一致表明,当推断结论成立时,典型条件比不典型条件诱发了更大的P3b波幅,反映了不同的推理预期满意程度.这些结果表明,当类别归纳可接受时,N400成分可以在结论类别阶段、P3b成分可以在结论属性阶段分别标示类别归纳推理中的典型性效应.
Previous ERP studies of typical effects in categorical reasoning mainly measured the typical effects in categorical deduction and the typical effects of conclusions in categorical induction and did not measure the typical effect of ERP in attribute reasoning stage Reaction.This study adopts the category inductive task, splitting the conclusion part of the task into two stages of the conclusion category and the conclusion attribute, respectively measuring the typical effect of the conclusion in category inductive inference (the typical conclusion is more likely to be established than the atypical conclusion, the first one) And the premise of the typical effect (the typical premise than the atypical premise of the reasoning conclusion is more likely to set up, the second experiment) ERP response.Experiment 1 and the results of the second experiment shows that in the category of conclusions, the typical conditions than the atypical conditions induced The greater P2 amplitude reflects the increase of semantic representation activation under typical conditions, while the atypical conditions induced greater amplitude of N400 than typical conditions, which indicates that semantic integration needs different cognitive efforts.At the conclusion attribute stage, The results of Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 consistently show that when the inference conclusion holds, the typical conditions are more evoked than the atypical ones The P3b amplitude, reflect different expectations satisfaction reasoning. These results show that when the category summarized acceptable, N400 components can be in the conclusion stage category, P3b components can be separately labeled category inductive reasoning typical effect in the conclusion stage properties.