Objective:To compare the anti-atherosclerotic effects of two different extracts from the leaves ofMallotus furetianus by using rat model of atherosclerosis.Methods: The air-dried powdered Mallotus furetianus leaves were extracted with ethanol and then evaporated. The ethanol extract was experienced DiaionHP-20 CC with a gradient ofMeOH andH2O (50÷50,100÷0, v/v) and two fractions,Mallotus furetianusA (MfA) andMallotus furetianusB (MfB) were obtained. Rats were divided into control, atherosclerosis and vitaminE,MfA andMfB treated groups. Atherosclerotic model was established by administering a loading dose of vitaminD3 and feeding standard diet enriched with2% cholesterol,0.5% porcine cholate,0.2% methimazole, 5% sugar,10% pork fat. VitaminE (0.20 g/kg),MfA (0.053 g/kg),MfB (0.057 g/kg) (with the potential) were administered to interfere with the development of atherosclerosis. After9 weeks, rats were sacrificed and the blood lipid as well as composition of bile was examined. In addition, the thoracic aorta was harvested to evaluate histological changes and the intima-media thickness ratio.Results:Atherosclerosis model was successfully established, administration of vitaminE,MfA andMf Bincreased excretion of total bilirubin in bile, decreased triglyeride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level, enhanced ratio of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol andLDL-C in blood, improved histological changes and diminished intima-media thickness ratio of thoracic aorta in atherosclerotic rats. As for the difference in anti-atherosclerotic effects betweenMfA andMfB,MfA may be more powerful in decliningTG level andMfB may be more effective in decreasingTC level.Conclusions:The two different extracts, MfA andMfB can prevent the development of atherosclerosis, In detail,MfA is more effective in regulatingTG level andMfB is more powerful in modulatingTC level in atherosclerotic rats.