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传统中国社会中存在着两个相互依撑的所谓“统”,一是“政统”,一是“道统”。在传统中国社会中“道统”是“政统”的构建者、解释者、驯化者、维护者、校正者以及道德力量的来源。正如康熙所说,“万世道统之传,即万世治统之所系”。在传统中国社会的演进过程中,一方面,虚玄的、承担“道统”的“师”的系统,随着专制制度的加强其地位越来越高;另一方面,现实的、承担“道统”的“学而优则仕”的“官僚士大夫”的系统,随着专制制度的加强其势却越来越式微。
In traditional Chinese society, there are two so-called “unification” of mutual support, one is “political system” and the other is “unification.” In traditional Chinese society, “Taoism” is the originator, interpreter, domesticate, defender, corrector of the “system of government” and the source of moral power. As Kangxi said, “all the Taoist traditions, that is, the system of the rule of the world.” In the process of the evolution of traditional Chinese society, on the one hand, the system of imaginary and assumed “moralist” teachers is becoming more and more high with the strengthening of the autocratic system; on the other hand, The system of “bureaucrats and doctors” who are good at learning but good at official affairs has become more and more subdued with the strengthening of the autocratic system.