论文部分内容阅读
汉语表示客观物体的空间方位时,常常采用“名词+方位名词”结构。一般认为名词所表示的客观事物就是我们通常所说的参照物,方位名词则表明目的物和参照物之间的关系。汉族人的空间认知经验决定了人们对参照物、方位名词的选择。虽然我们的教材对方位名词表达空间关系的用法作了详细的描述和说明,但是在对外汉语教学中,笔者发现留学生在具体运用和理解方位名词时存在很多问题。主要表现在:方位名词表达了什么样的意义?汉族人怎么样看待参照物,参照物的选择有哪些规律?怎样根据参照物的不同来选择方位词?笔者认为汉族人的空间认知经验影响了汉语的空间方位表达。如果我们能帮助汉语学习者理解汉族人的空间认知经验,掌握汉族人在表达空间关系,选择参照物及方位名词时的规律,就能从根本上解决外国人学习汉语时的空间方位问题。
When Chinese represents the spatial orientation of an objective object, it often adopts the structure of “noun + bearing noun”. It is generally accepted that the objective things expressed by the nouns are what we usually refer to, and the azimuths indicate the relationship between the objects and the reference objects. Han people’s spatial cognitive experience determines people’s choice of reference and orientation nouns. Although our teaching materials describe and explain in detail the usage of the spatial relationship of directional nouns, in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, the author finds that there are many problems for foreign students in the specific application and understanding of positional terms. What is the significance of the expression of orientation noun? How do Han people treat the reference object, what are the rules of the choice of the reference object? How to choose the direction words according to the reference object? The author thinks that the spatial cognition experience of Han people The Chinese space expression. If we can help Chinese learners to understand Han people ’s spatial cognitive experience and master the rules of Han people in expressing spatial relations, choosing reference objects and bearing terms, we can fundamentally solve the spatial orientation of foreigners when they learn Chinese.