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在固井注替过程中,由于水泥浆的密度往往大于钻井液的密度,这种密度差可能导致井内流量增大,管内井口处出现不连续段,井内流量的增大导致环空压力的增大,可能对地层产生破坏,对固井施工产生一系列的危害。针对这种情况,建立了模拟注水泥动态过程的数学计算模型,编制了注替过程动态模拟软件,分析了“U”型管效应的影响因素,提出优化固井浆柱结构、在地层承压及施工设备允许的范围之内适当提高注替排量、必要时环空加一定的回压等措施有助于减弱“U”型管效应。
During the process of cementing replacement, because the density of cement slurry tends to be greater than the density of drilling fluid, this difference in density may result in increased flow in the well and discontinuous sections at the wellhead in the well. The increase in the well flow leads to an increase in annulus pressure Large, may cause damage to the formation, cementing a series of hazards. In view of this situation, a mathematic model was established to simulate the dynamic process of cement injection. A dynamic simulation software of injection process was compiled and the influencing factors of “U” type pipe effect were analyzed. The cementing slurry column structure was proposed, Pressure and construction equipment to allow the appropriate increase within the scope of alternative displacement, if necessary, the annulus plus some back pressure and other measures to help reduce “U ” type tube effect.