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户籍制度是中国最重要的人口管理制度。自21世纪以来,中国各地户籍制度差异逐渐变大,在一系列的改革背后隐藏着诸多的驱动因素和变革阻力。本文首先总结了当前中国各地户籍制度的改革进程,并对各地的户籍开放度进行了评估;之后分析了差异化的户籍制度理论和现实成因。研究发现,在财政支出较高、收入较高的城市较难实行户籍开放,不同地区的官员特征差异也能解释为何各地执行不同的户籍开放政策。基于这些发现,我们提出了进一步推动户籍制度改革的建议。
The household registration system is China’s most important population management system. Since the 21st century, the differences in household registration system across China have gradually become larger, with many drivers and resistance to change behind a series of reforms. This article first summarizes the current reform of the household registration system in various parts of China and assesses the degree of household registration openness across the country; then analyzes the differentiated theory of household registration system and its realistic causes. The study found that it is more difficult to implement the opening of household registration in cities with higher financial expenses and higher incomes. The differences in the characteristics of officials in different regions also explain why different household registration policies are implemented everywhere. Based on these findings, we propose to further promote the reform of the household registration system.