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在流行区,乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的原发感染通常发生于低年龄组,由乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性母亲所生的小儿,对婴幼儿感染HBV的危险性较大。母亲携带HBsAg的婴儿脐血和静脉血检到HBsAg和乙型肝炎e抗原(HBeAg),提示胎盘传播HBV的可能性。然而,许多婴儿在出生后几周内HBsAg就消失了,如果以后发生了活动性感染,则又可检到HBsAg。乙型肝炎的临床特征通常在出生后数周出现,这提示许多HBsAg阳性新生儿是在分娩时由母血传播,在新的HBV感染患病之前,这种自母亲获得的抗原已被消除。
In endemic areas, the primary infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) usually occurs in the lower age group. Children born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) -positive mothers are at a higher risk of HBV infection in infants and young children. HBsAg and HBeAg were detected in cord blood and venous blood from mothers carrying HBsAg, suggesting the possibility of placental transmission of HBV. However, many babies disappear within a few weeks after birth, and HBsAg can be detected again if an active infection later occurs. The clinical features of hepatitis B usually appear weeks after birth, suggesting that many HBsAg-positive newborns are transmitted by maternal blood at childbirth and that this self-derived antigen has been eliminated prior to the onset of a new HBV infection.