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本文的第一部分论述物理冶金学和热处理之间的紧密联系,因为两者所涉及的都是加工处理对材料的组织与性能的影响。热处理技术的发展离不开物理冶金学对它所做的日益增长的科学贡献。本文的第二部分举一个研究实例,介绍了用物理冶金方法研究 AISI 52100滚动轴承钢(含1.5%Cr 和1.0%C),经不完全(亚温)奥氏体化后,所残留的不同类型的碳化物组织与它的断裂韧性和断裂机理之间的关系。采用了下列三种实验方法研究确定碳化物的组织特点和断裂的不同微观机理:对紧凑拉伸试样断口表面用扫描电镜进行观察,对从试样的抛光腐蚀表面或对直接从试样的断口表面获得的萃取复型用透射电镜进行观察,以及对试样镀镍断口的侧面用扫描电镜进行观察。
The first part of this article deals with the close relationship between physical metallurgy and heat treatment, since both involve the effects of processing on the microstructure and properties of the material. The development of heat treatment technology can not be separated from the growing scientific contribution made by physical metallurgy to it. In the second part of this paper, we give an example to introduce the physical metallurgy method to study the different types of AISI 52100 rolling bearing steel (including 1.5% Cr and 1.0% C) after incomplete (subcritical) austenitizing Of the relationship between the carbide structure and its fracture toughness and fracture mechanism. The following three experimental methods were used to study the different microscopic mechanisms that characterize the organization of carbides and fracture: the fracture surface of a compact tensile specimen was observed with a scanning electron microscope, and the surface of the specimen, polished or etched, The surface of the fracture surface obtained by the extraction complex observed by transmission electron microscopy, as well as the nickel-plated specimen fracture surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy.