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tRNA衍生片段(tRNA-derived RNA fragment,t RF)和tRNA半分子(tRNA halves,ti RNA)由成熟tRNA或其前体tRNA在不同位点特异性剪切产生,它们是一类广泛存在于原核生物和真核生物转录组中的非编码小RNA分子.t RF主要有tRF-5、tRF-3和tRF-1等3亚类,分别来自成熟tRNA的D环至反密码环茎区间切割至5′端、T环开始至3′端和前体tRNA的3′端尾部,其长度为14~30个核苷酸(nucleotide,nt).ti RNA主要有5′ti RNA和3′ti RNA等2亚类,是在成熟tRNA反密码子环处切割分别产生,其长度为29~50 nt.t RF和ti RNA具有多种生物学功能,既可以在应激反应中作为信号分子,又可以作为基因表达的调节者.它们与人类多种疾病(如肿瘤、神经退行性疾病、代谢性疾病和传染病等)的发生密切相关,有希望成为疾病诊断的新型标志物.本文就t RF和ti RNA的分类、生物学功能以及与人类疾病的关系作一综述.
The tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs) and tRNA halves (tiRNAs) are produced by cleavage at different sites by mature tRNAs or their precursor tRNAs. They are a group of genes that are widely found in prokaryotes Small and non-coding small RNA molecules in biological and eukaryotic transcriptomes. There are 3 major subclasses of tRF-5, tRF-3 and tRF-1, which are derived from the D loop of mature tRNA to the antisense loop 5 ’end, starting from the T loop to the 3’ end and the 3 ’tail of the precursor tRNA, which is 14-30 nucleotides in length .tiRNAs are mainly 5’ti RNA and 3’ti RNA And other 2 subtypes are produced by cleavage at the anticodon loop of mature tRNA respectively and have a length of 29 to 50 nt.t RF and ti RNA have multiple biological functions both as signal molecules in stress response and Can be used as regulators of gene expression, which are closely related to the occurrence of various human diseases (such as tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases and infectious diseases, etc.) and hope to become the new markers of disease diagnosis.In this paper, And ti RNA classification, biological functions and the relationship with human diseases are reviewed.