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城邦的建立,除了地理环境的分散性外,也与迈锡尼文明时期希腊世界特殊的政治形势有关,更重要的是希腊人进入文明方式的特殊性。城邦内部追求独立、自主,尤其把政治自由看作每个公民都应享有的基本权利。为了保证自由权利的运用,城邦政治家们选择法律作为城邦一切政治活动的准绳,维持城邦社会的运转。希腊法治思想对早期西方思想存在一定的启蒙作用,奠定了它在系统性分析方面取得的成就。但早期法律内部也存在缺陷,并最终导致城邦走向灭亡。
In addition to the decentralization of the geographical environment, the establishment of the city-state is also related to the special political situation in the Hellenistic world of Mycenaean civilization. What is even more important is the particularity of the Greeks entering the civilized way. The pursuit of independence and autonomy within the city-state, in particular, regards political freedom as a basic right that every citizen should enjoy. In order to ensure the use of the right to freedom, polis politicians chose law as the criterion for all political activities of the city-state and maintained the operation of the polity. The idea of the Greek rule of law has some enlightenment on the early Western thought and lays the achievements it made in systematic analysis. But there are flaws in the early laws, which eventually lead to the demise of the city.