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笔者利用在哈佛大学访学的机会,对当代著名生态批评理论家、哈佛大学劳伦斯·布依尔教授作了访谈。布依尔教授是哈佛大学英美文学语言系包维尔·M.凯博特讲座教授,精研美国战前文学,是文学生态批评的先驱。其学术著作曾获得多种奖项如“沃伦书奖”和“凯渥尔蒂奖”等。主要著作包括:《文学超验主义》(1973年)、《新英格兰文学》(1968年)、《环境想象》(1995年)、《为濒危的世界书写》(2001年)、《爱默生》(2003年)、《环境批评的未来》(2005年)、《美国超验主义》(2006年,主编)、《星球的多种色度》(2007年,合编)等。在这篇访谈中,布依尔教授回顾了过去8年来的主要学术成就,评价了生态批评当前在西方尤其是美国的发展状况和未来发展趋势;他肯定了人文学者的社会责任以及文学批评、教学与社会批判之间的互动,指出我们必须要关照环境史来推动文学史的重新语境化。他也指出了自己从19世纪美国文学研究朝向生态批评的转折点,明确指出《为濒危的世界书写》是其三部生态批评著作中最具代表性的一部,最完善地诠释了其批评立场。他指出,我们应该将文学史和话语,甚至所有的文本和人工制品都当作生态文本来阅读。他在近著中极力主张并致力于追究和批判各种不平等现象,因为这些现象严重危害了穷人、少数族以及其他被边缘化群体的健康和利益,为“第二波”生态批评提供了新的研究模式。
I use the opportunity to visit Harvard University, the famous contemporary ecocriticism theorist, Professor Harvard University Lawrence Bouyille made an interview. Professor Bouyir is a lecture professor at the University of Harvard Anglo-American literature and language package Virginia M. Cabot, studying American pre-war literature, pioneer of ecological criticism of literature. His academic works have won many awards such as “Warren Book Award” and “Kai Wulti Award” and so on. Major works include: “Transcendentalism” (1973), “New England Literature” (1968), “Environmental Imagination” (1995), “Writing for the Endangered World” (2001), “Emerson ”(2003), The Future of Environmental Criticism (2005), American Transcendentalism (2006, ed.), The Planetary Chromatic Intensity (2007, co-editor) and others. In this interview, Professor Bouillon reviewed the major academic achievements of the past eight years and evaluated the current development and future trends of ecocriticism in the West, especially in the United States. He affirmed the social responsibility of humanities scholars as well as literary criticism and teaching And social criticism, pointing out that we must take environmental history as a catalyst for the re-contextualization of literary history. He also pointed out his turning point from 19th century American literature research to ecocriticism, pointing out clearly that “writing for the endangered world” is the most representative one of his three ecocriticisms and most fully expresses his critical position . He pointed out that we should read literary history and discourse, and even all the texts and artifacts, as ecological texts. In his recent endeavor, he strongly advocated and committed to investigating and criticizing various inequalities as these phenomena have seriously endangered the health and interests of the poor, minorities and other marginalized groups and provided “second wave” of ecological criticism A new research model.