Based on the study of oxygen isotope and microparticle in the Guliya ice core, atmospheric dust and environmental changes in the northwest Tibetan Plateau since the last interglacial were revealed. The microparticle record indicates that Iow dust load on the Plateau in the interglacial.Particle concentration increased rapidly when the climate turned into the last glacial and reached the maximum during the MIS 4. In the Last Glacial Maximum, however, the enhancement of microparticle concentration was slight, differing to those in the Antarctic and Greenland. On the orbital timescale, both the temperature on the Tibetan Plateau and summer solar insolation in the Northern Hemisphere had their impact on the microparticle record, but the difference in phase and amplitude also existed. Though having the same dust source, microparticle records in the ice cores on the Tibetan Plateau and the Greenland seem to have different significance.