胆汁为脊椎动物所特有,其主要有机成分是胆汁酸、胆色素(大部分为结合胆红素)、卵磷酯、粘蛋白、胆固醇(大部分为游离型)、尿素、某些激素(甲状腺素和性激素的代谢产物)和某些酶(碱性磷酸酶、亮氨酸氨肽酶等)。无机成分主要有钠、氯化物和重碳酸盐,还有钾、钙、镁和硫酸盐以及微量磷酸盐。通常含有可检量的铁、铜和锌。动物胆汁中含有多种胆汁酸。由于羟基在胆烷酸母核中不同碳原子上的位置和数目不 Bile is peculiar to vertebrates, and its main organic components are bile acid, bile pigment (mostly conjugated bilirubin), lecithin, mucin, cholesterol (mostly free), urea, certain hormones And metabolites of sex hormones) and certain enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, etc.). Inorganic components are mainly sodium, chloride and bicarbonate, but also potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfate and trace phosphates. Usually contains detectable iron, copper and zinc. Animal bile contains a variety of bile acids. Due to the hydroxyl group in the cholestatic mother nucleus of different carbon atoms on the location and the number of not