地铁公司是生产服务产品的特殊企业,它与飞机场、邮局等类似,由于其受地域、规模和造价的制约,在一个城市通常不出现第二家、第三家同类企业。为防止由这种只此一家别无分店的特殊地位形成垄断价格,政府要在规划、价格上予以调控和限制。另一方面由于地铁运输服务是面向大众的社会公共产品,关系国计民生和社会稳定,政府采取低价格的政策,甚至动用财政补贴以减少“私车及打的”价层与工薪阶层在实际出行消费上的差距,保护社会相对公平也是十分有效和必要的。国内外通行的做法是企业政策性亏损的部分由政府从财政收入中予以补贴。换句话说是政府按企业服务实际成本拨款订购了大量服务后,免费分配给了需要 The MTRC is a special enterprise that produces service products. Similar to airports and post offices, the MTRC does not usually have a second or third similar enterprise in a city because of its geographic size and cost constraints. In order to prevent monopoly prices from becoming monopolized by such a unique division, the government should regulate and limit it in terms of planning and pricing. On the other hand, since the MTRC is a social public product oriented to the public, it is related to the national economy and the people's livelihood and social stability, the government adopts a low-price policy and even uses financial subsidies to reduce the actual consumption of “private cars and fights” It is also very effective and necessary to protect the social relative equity. The prevailing practice at home and abroad is that the government part of the policy deficit is subsidized by the government from its fiscal revenue. In other words, the government allocates a large number of services according to the actual cost of enterprise services and distributes them for free