什么是反脆弱?熟悉哈耶克的读者将立刻联想到“适应性效率”:尽管西方社会的秩序作为一个整体,似乎不如官僚制度甚至计划经济自上而下的统制(典型的“脆弱性”)理性和井然有序。但正是这种去中心化的多样性社会网络,促使西方成为创新、自由的温床。马基雅维利在《君主论》中就观察到:尽管帝国的边境防御可以十分强悍,但一旦被突破边境,游牧民族就会长驱直入,如入无人之境。相反,对于欧洲堡垒林立、支离破碎的封建社会而言, What is anti-fragility? Readers who are familiar with Hayek will immediately be reminded of “adaptive efficiency.” Although the order of Western society as a whole does not seem to be as bureaucratic and even top-down under the planned economy as it is (typically “ Vulnerability ”) Reason and orderly. However, it is this decentralized and diversified social network that has prompted the West to become a hotbed of innovation and freedom. Machiavelli observed in Monarchy: Although the border defense of the empire can be very tough, nomadic tribesmen will drive into the desert as soon as they are crossed the border. On the contrary, for the fragmented feudal society where European forts are lined up,